Breaking the Ice with Group Flow: A Collaborative VR Serious Game for Relationship Enhancement

It is usually hard for unfamiliar partners to rapidly 'break the ice' in the early stage of relationship establishment, which hinders the development of relationship and even affects the team productivity. To solve this problem, we proposed a collaborative serious game for icebreaking by combining immersive virtual reality (VR) with brain-computer interface based on the team flow framework. We designed a multiplayer collaboration task with the theme of fighting COVID-19 and proposed an approach to improve empathy between team members by sharing their real-time mental state in VR;in addition, we propose an EEG-based method for dynamic evaluation and enhancement of group flow experience to achieve better team collaboration. Then, we developed a prototype system and performed a user study. Results show that our method has good ease of use and can significantly reduce the psychological distance among team members. Especially for unfamiliar partners, both functions of mental state sharing and group flow regulation enhancement can significantly reduce the psychological distance. © 2023 IEEE.

Mental health status of college students during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic.

Objective To investigate the psychological characteristics of college students during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide a basis for psychological intervention. Methods From May 17, 2020 to Jun. 17, 2020, the adjusted psychological questionnaires for emergent events of public health (PQEEPH) was surveyed among the college students of Beijing Union University. The questionnaire included 5 dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, fear, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis. Four grades were scored according to the degree and frequency of emotional responses: 0 means no symptoms, 1 means mild symptoms, 2 means moderate symptoms, and 3 means severe symptoms. Results A total of 3 019 valid questionnaires were collected. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the emotional responses of college students, from the most serious to the least, were fear, neurasthenia, depression, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis, with the incidences being 87.7% (2 648/3 019), 44.8% (1 353/3 019), 37.4% (1 129/3 019), 17.3% (522/3 019), and 11.6% (350/3 019), respectively. The fear scores of female students were higher than those of male students (P<0.001), the fear scores of college students from towns/suburbs were higher than those from rural and urban areas (both P<0.017), the scores of depression, neurasthenia and obsessive-compulsive anxiety of college students with confirmed COVID-19 cases around them or their relatives participated in the epidemic prevention and control as medical staff or logistics support personnel were higher than those without such conditions (all P<0.017), and the scores of depression, obsessive-compulsive anxiety and hypochondriasis of college students with suspected COVID-19 cases around them were higher than those without such condition (all P<0.017). Females were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than males (odds ratioOR=1.53, 95% confidence intervalCI1.25-1.88, P<0.001), those with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases around them were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than those without such conditions (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.20, P=0.002), and those living in towns/suburbs were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than those living in rural and urban areas (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.94, P=0.015;OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97, P=0.025). Conclusion COVID-19 epidemic has impact on the psychology of college students. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of college students and provide targeted psychological counseling for them.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.

Disruptions to in-person medical visits across the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: evolving disparities by medical specialty and socio-economic status.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate how people's health-seeking behaviors evolve in the COVID-19 pandemic by community and medical service category. STUDY DESIGN: This is a longitudinal study using mobility data from 19 million mobile devices of visits to all types of health facility locations for all US states. METHODS: We examine the variations in weekly in-person medical visits across county, neighborhood, and specialty levels. Different regression models are used for each level to investigate factors that influence the disparities in medical visits. County-level analysis explores associations between county medical visit patterns, political orientation, and COVID-19 infection rate. Neighborhood-level analysis focuses on neighborhood socio-economic compositions as potential determinants of medical visit levels. Specialty-level analysis compares the evolution of visit disruptions in different specialties. RESULTS: A more left-leaning political orientation and a higher local infection rate were associated with larger decreases in in-person medical visits, and these associations became stronger, moving from the initial period of stay-at-home orders into the post-lockdown period. Initial reactions were strongest for seniors and those of high socio-economic status, but this reversed in post-lockdown period where socio-economically disadvantaged communities stabilized at a lower level of medical visits. Neighborhoods with more female and young people exhibited larger decreases in in-person medical visits throughout the initial and post-lockdown periods. The evolution of disruptions diverges across medical specialties, from only short-term disruption in specialties such as dentistry to increasing disruption, as in cardiology. CONCLUSIONS: Given distinct patterns in visit between communities, medical service categories, and between different periods in the pandemic, policy makers, and providers should concentrate on monitoring patients in disrupted specialties who overlap with the at-risk contexts and socio-economic factors in future health emergencies.

Citation advantage of COVID-19-related publications

With the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists from various disciplines responded quickly to this historical public health emergency. The sudden boom of COVID-19-related papers in a short period of time may bring unexpected influence to some commonly used bibliometric indicators. By a large-scale investigation using Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index, this brief communication confirms the citation advantage of COVID-19-related papers empirically through the lens of Essential Science Indicators' highly cited paper. More than 8% of COVID-19-related papers published during 2020 and 2021 were selected as Essential Science Indicators highly cited papers, which was much higher than the set global benchmark value of 1%. The citation advantage of COVID-19-related papers for different Web of Science categories/countries/journal impact factor quartiles was also demonstrated. The distortions of COVID-19-related papers' citation advantage to some bibliometric indicators such as journal impact factor were discussed at the end of this brief communication.

Mental health status of college students during coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic

Objective To investigate the psychological characteristics of college students during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), so as to provide a basis for psychological intervention. Methods From May 17, 2020 to Jun. 17, 2020, the adjusted psychological questionnaires for emergent events of public health (PQEEPH) was surveyed among the college students of Beijing Union University. The questionnaire included 5 dimensions: depression, neurasthenia, fear, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis. Four grades were scored according to the degree and frequency of emotional responses: 0 means no symptoms, 1 means mild symptoms, 2 means moderate symptoms, and 3 means severe symptoms. Results A total of 3 019 valid questionnaires were collected. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the emotional responses of college students, from the most serious to the least, were fear, neurasthenia, depression, obsessive-compulsive anxiety, and hypochondriasis, with the incidences being 87.7% (2 648/3 019), 44.8% (1 353/3 019), 37.4% (1 129/3 019), 17.3% (522/3 019), and 11.6% (350/3 019), respectively. The fear scores of female students were higher than those of male students (P<0.001), the fear scores of college students from towns/suburbs were higher than those from rural and urban areas (both P<0.017), the scores of depression, neurasthenia and obsessive-compulsive anxiety of college students with confirmed COVID-19 cases around them or their relatives participated in the epidemic prevention and control as medical staff or logistics support personnel were higher than those without such conditions (all P<0.017), and the scores of depression, obsessive-compulsive anxiety and hypochondriasis of college students with suspected COVID-19 cases around them were higher than those without such condition (all P<0.017). Females were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than males (odds ratio[OR]=1.53, 95% confidence interval[CI]1.25-1.88, P<0.001), those with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases around them were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than those without such conditions (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.29-3.20, P=0.002), and those living in towns/suburbs were more likely to have moderate to severe fear than those living in rural and urban areas (OR=0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.94, P=0.015;OR=0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.97, P=0.025). Conclusion COVID-19 epidemic has impact on the psychology of college students. It is necessary to pay attention to the mental health of college students and provide targeted psychological counseling for them.Copyright © 2022, Second Military Medical University Press. All rights reserved.

Ultra-sensitive Detection of Alzheimer's Biosmarkers Using Plasmonic Optical Fiber Sensors

The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic has drawn great attention to vulnerable people affected by major diseases. Among them, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent disease. However, a long-standing challenge is to achieve early diagnosis of AD by detecting biomarkers such as amyloid beta (Aβ42), thus avoiding the labor of specialized hospital personnel and the high cost of imaging examinations using positron emission tomography. In this paper, we report a straightforward approach to realize a non-invasive lab-around fiber (LaF) optical sensor for AD biomarker detection, which is based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) combined with a nanoscale metallic thin film. We successfully demonstrated the detection of Aβ42 in complex biological matrices with a detection limit of 5 pg/mL. Therefore, our TFBG-SPR biosensor platform enables large-scale early disease screening and has great potential for clinical applications in early AD diagnosis. © 2022 IEEE.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Different Covid-19 Vaccines among Plwh

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated promising serologic responses in PLWH receiving a third dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world clinical effectiveness, especially during the pandemic caused by B.1.1.529 variant, remains less investigated. Method(s): PLWH seeking HIV care at our hospital from 2021/6 to 2022/6 were included and advised to receive the third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Individuals were excluded from this study if they had been previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Different types of COVID-19 vaccines were available in the vaccination program, including BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 (either 50 or 100 mug), MVC-COV1901 and NVX-CoV2373 vaccines. PLWH were screening for the occurrence of COVID-19 through the reporting system of notifiable diseases of Taiwan CDC, and were tested for anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) IgG every 1 to 3 months. Participants were followed for 180 days until the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination, occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroconversion of anti-N IgG, death, or loss to follow-up, whichever occurred first. Result(s): 1,496 PLWH were included: 631 (42.2%) receiving 100 mug mRNA-1273 vaccine, 468 (31.3%) 50 mug mRNA-1273 vaccine, and 328 (21.9%) BNT162b2 vaccine, 65 (4.3%) MVC-COV1901 vaccine, and 4 (0.3%) NVX-CoV2373 vaccine for the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. 297 (19.9%) PLWH were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the follow-up period, including 92 (14.6%) who received 100 mug mRNA-1273, 111 (23.7%) 50 mug mRNA-1273, 79 (24.1%) BNT162b2 and 15 (21.7%) either MVC-COV1901 or NVX-CoV2373;in addition, 98 PLWH had seroconversion of anti-N IgG during follow-up, including 23, 50, 19 and 6 PLWH who received 100 mug mRNA-1273, 50 mug mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and either MVC-COV1901 or NVX-CoV2373, respectively. Similar rates of new infection with SARS-CoV-2 or seroconversion of anti-N IgG were demonstrated regardless the vaccine type of the third dose (log-rank test, p=0.46). Factors associated with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion of anti-N IgG included an age >50 years (aOR, 0.67;95% CI, 0.49-0.91) and newly infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (aOR, 1.41;95% CI, 1.09-1.83). Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrated that clinical effectiveness of the third dose of different vaccines available to PLWH was similar in preventing SARSCoV- 2 infection or seroconversion of anti-N IgG Taiwan. PLWH aged less than 50 years and those with newly diagnosed HCV infection were at higher risk of acquiring COVID-19. Kaplan-Meier survival curve for acquiring COVID-19 or seroconversion of anti-N IgG in PLWH receiving different COVID-19 vaccination of the third dose (log-rank test, 4 groups, p = 0.46).

Restoration of Humoral Response to Covid-19 Vaccination in Rituximab-Treated Patients

Background: Previous studies had demonstrated that patients with hematologic malignancies had suboptimal antibody response after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, especially among those having previously treated with anti- CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Method(s): Adult patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were enrolled before receiving the second dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Determinations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid IgG titers were performed every 1-3 months, after they received the second and the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, respectively. Patients were excluded from analysis if they were diagnosed with COVID-19. All serum samples were tested for anti-nucleocapsid antibody and those tested positive were excluded from subsequent analyses. Result(s): A total of 85 participants were enrolled, including 42 (49.4%) with diffused large B-cell lymphoma, and 13 (15.3) with follicular lymphoma and 9 with CLL. 72 (84.7%) participants had received anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, with a median interval of 24 months between last anti-CD20 treatment and the second dose of vaccine, and 21 (24.7%) had HIV infection. Factors associated with failure to achieve an anti-spike IgG titer >141 BAU/ mL within 12 weeks after the second dose of vaccine included HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.14;95% CI, 0.04-0.51), active hematologic disease (aOR, 5.50;95% CI 1.42-21.32), receipt of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (aOR, 6.65;95% CI 1.52-29.07), and receipt of two doses of homologous mRNA vaccination (aOR, 0.17;95% CI 0.05-0.56). In the participants having previously treated with anti-CD20 regimen, only 8.6% achieved an antibody response ( >141 BAU/mL) in the first year, while 78.3% achieved anti-spike IgG titer > 141 BAU/mL after two years post B-cell depleting treatment. After the third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 53.6% achieved an antispike IgG titer > 141 BAU/mL in the first year post anti-CD20 treatment. Conclusion(s): Our study demonstrated that previous treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies was associated a lower antibody response among patients with lymphoproliferative disorders receiving two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. While two doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might not be sufficient even one year apart from the last dose of rituximab, a third dose of vaccine may boost anti-spike IgG particularly in the subset of recent exposure to rituximab. Anti-spike IgG determined 1-3 months after the second (A) / third (B) dose of COVID-19 vaccine, stratified by the interval between last anti-CD20 regimen and the second / third dose of COVID-19 vaccine. (Figure Presented).

An observational study on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with myasthenia gravis.

OBJECTIVE: There is concern that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine may trigger or worsen autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of COVID-19 vaccination on symptom severity in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS: A total of 106 enrolled patients with MG who were vaccinated against COVID-19 were followed up, and a questionnaire was used to document in detail the exacerbation of muscle weakness after vaccination and all other uncomfortable reactions after vaccination. Demographic, clinical characteristics, medication, and vaccination data were collected by follow-up interview. The main observation outcome was whether the MG symptoms of patients were exacerbated. The definition of exacerbation is according to the subjective feeling of the patient or a 2-point increase in daily life myasthenia gravis activity score relative to before vaccination, within 30 days after vaccination. RESULTS: Of 106 enrolled patients [median age (SD) 41.0 years, 38 (35.8%) men, 53 (50.0%) with generalized MG, 74 (69.8%) positive for acetylcholine receptor antibody, and 21 (19.8%) with accompanying thymoma], muscle weakness symptoms were stable in 102 (96.2%) patients before vaccine inoculation. Muscle weakness worsened in 10 (9.4%) people after vaccination, of which 8 patients reported slight symptom worsening that resolved quickly (within a few days). Two (1.9%) of patients showed serious symptom aggravation that required hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that inactivated virus vaccines against COVID-19 may be safe for patients with MG whose condition is stable. Patients with generalized MG may be more likely to develop increased muscle weakness after vaccination.

An optimal aggregation method for interval grey numbers using on Steiner-Weber point with application

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy of two-dimensional preference information aggregation, this paper takes two-dimensional interval grey numbers as an example to define its preference information mapping rules. This rule maps preference information to preference points on a two-dimensional plane. Based on the theory of plane Steiner-Weber point, we construct a two-dimensional optimal model, and prove the optimality of the model theoretically. Then, adopt plant growth simulation algorithm (PGSA) to solve the proposed model. The obtained optimal aggregation point that can represent the comprehensive opinions. Finally, by analyzing the selection problem of Fangcang shelter hospital and comparing it with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, we conclude that the sum of weighted Euclidean distance obtained by our method is minimal. The aggregation precision of our method is higher than that of other aggregation method to a certain extent. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Resilience Improvement and Risk Management of Multimodal Transport Logistics in the Post–COVID-19 Era: The Case of TIR-Based Sea–Road Multimodal Transport Logistics

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted international economics and trade, including cargo transportation. As a result, enhancing the resilience of transport and logistics in the post–COVID-19 era has become a general trend. Multimodal transport, with its advantages of speed, large volume and multiple modes, has increasingly gained attention from countries worldwide. However, multimodal transport logistics is a complex and systematic process. Its smooth flow depends not only on the transport itself, but also on the efficient supervision of customs and other government departments at ports. This study employs the theory and method of a super-network to establish a model of multimodal transport logistics, which includes TIR-based sea–road multimodal transport and customs supervision relationships. Structural and resilience-related characteristics of the super-network are analyzed, and performance parameters of the super-network are proposed. A simulation analysis is conducted, and based on the results, countermeasures to improve the resilience and promote risk management of multimodal transport logistics in the post–COVID-19 era are suggested. The findings of this study provide an exploration of more effective ways to ensure the smoothness of multimodal transport logistics and improve system resilience. The study concludes with theoretical and managerial implications. © 2023 by the authors.

Pharm Aco Kin Etics, Safety, and Tolerability of Upadacitinib in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of adults and adolescents with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD). The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and tolerability of upadacitinib in children with severe atopic dermatitis. METHOD(S): This is an open-label, multiple-dose study. AD patients (n = 35) were enrolled into four cohorts (Cohort 1, 6 to <12 years, low dose;Cohort 2, 6 to <12 years, high dose;Cohort 3, 2 to <6 years, low dose;Cohort 4, 2 to <6 years, high dose). The low and high doses were selected based on body weight to provide comparable plasma exposure in pediatrics to 15 mg and 30 mg QD doses in adults, respectively. All patients continued on the low dose after the PK assessment on Study Day 7. Safety and exploratory efficacy parameters are assessed in the study. RESULT(S): Geometric mean Cmax and AUC over 0-24 hours at steady state were 33.1 ng/mL and 249 ng.h/mL, respectively, in Cohort 1, 95.5 ng/mL and 523 ng.h/mL, respectively, in Cohort 2, 35.2 ng/mL and 264 ng.h/mL, respectively, in Cohort 3, and 101 ng/mL and 625 ng.h/mL, respectively, in Cohort 4. Upadacitinib was generally safe and well tolerated. The most common AEs were COVID infection, headache, and abdominal discomfort. No new safety risks were identified compared to the known safety profile for upadacitinib. In the 29 subjects with available interim efficacy results at week 12, 34.5% achieved validated Investigator's Global Assessment scale for AD score of 0 or 1 and 69.0% achieved Eczema Area and Severity Index by at least 75% at Week 12 with treatment of upadacitinib. CONCLUSION(S): The findings supported the use of current dosing regimens for further investigation of upadacitinib in upcoming phase 3 clinical trials in pediatric AD patients.

Framework Design of Intelligent Career Recommendation System for Undergraduates

The development of artificial intelligence technology has proudly enhanced the quality of life and education of students. The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 dealt a huge blow to the world economy and workplace environment, therefore planning a career path before graduation is a primary and core task for undergraduate students to succeed in this era. This paper introduces the framework design of an intelligent career recommendation system, which is based on the analysis of the required career ability and students' individual ability to achieve accurate career recommendations. © 2022 IEEE.

Design of real-time ECG monitoring wearable equipment based on the Holter system

The COVID-19 epidemic has largely restricted the traditional offline medical treatment model. In this study, we designed ECG monitoring smart clothing based on the Holter system after identifying and analyzing the needs of patients and doctors. This clothing is a wearable device that integrates monitoring and remote diagnosis, building a general network platform to realize remote data transfer sharing and online interactive auxiliary diagnosis. Wearable clothing that can monitor ECG in real time is designed and developed by intelligently integrating limb lead wires, conductive fiber fabrics, lead interfaces, and electrode signal storage receivers by using the human body sensing conduction principle of real-time ECG monitoring. Wearable real-time ECG monitoring clothing can help patients achieve fast virtual medical care and auxiliary diagnosis, and solve the design issues with electrode signal storage receivers. © 2022 IEEE.

Integrated wearable smart sensor system for real-time multi-parameter respiration health monitoring

Monitoring respiration is vital for personal diagnosis of chronic diseases. However, the existing respiratory sensors have severe limitations, such as single function, finite detection parameters, and lack of smart signal analysis. Here, we present an integrated wearable and low-cost smart respiratory monitoring sensor (RMS) system with artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnosis of respiratory abnormality by detecting multi-parameters of human respiration. Coupling with intelligent analysis and data mining algorithms embedded in a phone app, the lighter system of 7.3 g can acquire real-time self-calibrated parameters, including breathing frequency, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and other respiratory indexes with an accuracy >95.21%. The data can be wirelessly transferred to the user's data cloud terminal. The RMS system enables comprehensive multi-physiological parameters analysis for auxiliary diagnosing and classifying diseases, including sleep apnea, rhinitis, and chronic lung diseases, as well as rehabilitation of COVID-19, and exhibits advantages of portable healthcare. © 2022 The Authors

A Study on the Economic Resilience of Industrial Parks

The development of globalization has brought about obvious differences in the resilience of different regions against economic crises. Regional economic resilience refers to the ability of a region's economy to resist shocks when faced with external disturbances or to break away from its existing growth model in favor of a better path, Resilience represents the region's adaptability, innovation, and sustainability. This paper describes an empirical analysis on the 60 designated industrial park developments under the Industrial Development Bureau in Taiwan. Over a period of short-term disturbances, the industrial parks are analyzed from four aspects: industrial structure, regional development foundation, enterprise competitiveness and labor conditions, and government governance and policy systems. Through discriminant analysis, we analyze the characteristics of factors that mainly affect the economic resilience of 60 industrial parks faced with shocks such as the subprime mortgage crisis in 2008, the five-day work week in 2016, and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019. We found that industrial structure, specifically diversified industrial structure, is the major factor behind enhanced regional economic resilience. If the scale of specialized industries is large enough, they can form sufficient capacity to resist external changes and also be economically resilient. Under the negative impact, the amount of innovation can be an important part of post-disaster recovery, and stable innovation input will become a main factor for the sustainable development of industrial parks. The pressure of the uncertainty of global economic development and the transformation and upgrading of the domestic economy underscore that enterprises urgently need automation and digital transformation to enhance their competitiveness. In order to enhance economic resilience to adapt to changes in the overall environment, the industrial parks need to adjust adaptively, improve their industrial structure, and promote innovation, hoping that the regional economy will move towards a more stable and sustainable development path. © 2023 by the authors.

Airborne infection risk in classrooms based on environment and occupant behavior measurement under COVID-19 epidemic

The changes of indoor environment and occupant behavior (OB) are two main causes for the gap between predicted and actual airborne infection risk. To improve the accuracy of COVID-19 airborne infection risk assessment, the environment (CO2 concentration) and OBs (occupant area per person (OA) and activity level (AL)) in three typical classrooms of a primary school in Tianjin, China was selected to conduct the on-site measurement. Based on the measured data, a modified Wells-Riley model was proposed to predict the infection risk, and a risk-controlled ventilation strategy was developed to calculate the ventilation demand. Results indicated that classrooms in the breaking time (B-T) showed a lower indoor CO2 concentration (C in), larger OA, and higher AL than in the teaching time (T-T). The variation tendency of the calculated infection risk increment in T-T was consistent with C in while in B-T was significantly affected by OA and AL, and the maximum fluctuation extent in B-T was two times of that in T-T. Moreover, to avoid the risk spreading in classrooms, a feasible solution of dynamic ventilation control based on the real-time infection risk was proposed, thus facilitating to provide a healthy and sustainable environment for students in classrooms. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Optimization Model and Algorithm of Logistics Vehicle Routing Problem under Major Emergency

The novel coronavirus pandemic is a major global public health emergency, and has presented new challenges and requirements for the timely response and operational stability of emergency logistics that were required to address the major public health events outbreak in China. Based on the problems of insufficient timeliness and high total system cost of emergency logistics distribution in major epidemic situations, this paper takes the minimum vehicle distribution travel cost, time cost, early/late punishment cost, and fixed cost of the vehicle as the target, the soft time window for receiving goods at each demand point, the rated load of the vehicle, the volume, maximum travel of the vehicle in a single delivery as constraints, and an emergency logistics vehicle routing problem optimization model for major epidemics was constructed. The convergence speed improvement strategy, particle search improvement strategy, and elite retention improvement strategy were introduced to improve the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for it to be suitable for solving global optimization problems. The simulation results prove that the improved PSO algorithm required to solve the emergency medical supplies logistics vehicle routing problem for the major emergency can reach optimal results. Compared with the basic PSO algorithm, the total cost was reduced by 20.09%. © 2023 by the authors.

[Related factors of negative conversion time of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19].

Objective: To explore the related factors of negative conversion time (NCT) of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 225 children who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Changxing Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 3rd to May 31st 2022 were enrolled in the study. The infection age, gender, viral load, basic disease, clinical symptoms and information of accompanying caregivers were retrospectively analyzed. According to age, the children were divided into<3 years of age group and 3-<18 years of age group. According to the viral nucleic acid test results, the children were divided into positive accompanying caregiver group and negative accompanying caregiver group. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Results: Among the 225 patients (120 boys and 105 girls) of age 2.8 (1.3, 6.2) years, 119 children <3 years and 106 children 3-<18 years of age, 19 cases were diagnosed with moderate COVID-19, and the other 206 cases were diagnosed with mild COVID-19. There were 141 patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group and 84 patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group.Patients 3-<18 years of age had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.7 (4, 9) d, Z=-4.17, P<0.001) compared with patients <3 years of age. Patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.6 (4, 9) d,Z=-2.89,P=0.004) compared with patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that anorexia was associated with NCT of nucleic acid (OR=3.74,95%CI 1.69-8.31, P=0.001). Conclusion: Accompanying caregiver with positive nucleic acid test may prolong NCT of nucleic acid, and decreased appetite may be associated with prolonged NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19.